DermaClinix

PCOD (Polycystic Ovary Disease), also known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS), is a hormonal disorder that affects women and people assigned female at birth (AFAB) during their reproductive years. It is characterized by an imbalance of hormones that can lead to irregular menstrual cycles, excessive hair growth, acne, and other symptoms.

What is PCOD/PCOS?

Hormonal Imbalance

Elevated levels of androgens (male hormones) are a hallmark of PCOS. These excess androgens can cause symptoms like excess facial and body hair (hirsutism), acne, and male-pattern baldness.
Reduced production of estrogen and progesterone can disrupt the menstrual cycle and lead to irregular periods or missed periods.

Cysts on Ovaries

The term "polycystic" refers to the presence of numerous small cysts (fluid-filled sacs) on the ovaries. These cysts are actually immature eggs that do not develop into normal eggs due to hormonal imbalances.
However, not all women with PCOS have cysts on their ovaries, and the presence of cysts alone does not confirm the diagnosis.

Causes of PCOD/PCOS

The exact cause of PCOS is not well understood, but several factors are believed to contribute to its development.

Genetics

A family history of PCOS
increases the likelihood of
developing the condition.

Certain genetic variations are
associated with hormonal
imbalances seen in PCOS.

Insulin Esistance

Many women with PCOS have insulin
resistance, where the body's cells don't
respond well to insulin, leading to
increased insulin levels.

High insulin levels can stimulate the
ovaries to produce more androgens,
exacerbating symptoms of PCOS.

Low-grade Inflammation

Chronic low-grade inflammation
may also play a role in the
development of PCOS.

This inflammation can contribute
to insulin resistance and excessive
androgen production.

Symptoms of PCOD/PCOS

Symptoms vary among women, but the most common include.

Irregular Menstrual Cycles

Missed or irregular periods are common due to infrequent ovulation.

Infertility

Difficulties in conceiving due to lack of regular ovulation and cycles.

Mood Disorders

PCOS-related hormonal imbalances often cause anxiety and depression.

Obesity

Many women with PCOS are overweight or obese, which can worsen the condition.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

What is PCOD?

PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) is a hormonal disorder in which the ovaries produce excessive androgens (male hormones), leading to irregular menstrual cycles, ovarian cysts, and other health issues.

What are the common symptoms of PCOD?

Irregular or missed periods
Weight gain or difficulty losing weight
Acne and oily skin
Excessive hair growth (hirsutism)
Thinning hair or hair loss
Fatigue and mood swings
Difficulty in conceiving

What causes PCOD?

PCOD is primarily caused by hormonal imbalances, genetics, insulin resistance, and lifestyle factors such as poor diet and lack of exercise.

How is PCOD diagnosed?

Doctors diagnose PCOD through:

Medical history and symptom evaluation
Blood tests to check hormone levels
Ultrasound to detect ovarian cysts

Is PCOD the same as PCOS?

No, PCOD (Polycystic Ovarian Disease) and PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) are different. PCOD refers to enlarged ovaries with small cysts, while PCOS is a more severe metabolic condition affecting overall health and fertility.

Can PCOD be cured?

There is no permanent cure for PCOD, but symptoms can be managed effectively through lifestyle changes, medications, and hormonal therapy.

What lifestyle changes help manage PCOD?

Eating a balanced diet with low sugar and processed foods
Regular exercise to maintain a healthy weight
Managing stress through yoga, meditation, or therapy
Getting enough sleep

Can PCOD affect pregnancy?

Yes, PCOD can cause difficulty in conceiving due to irregular ovulation. However, with proper medical treatment and lifestyle adjustments, many women with PCOD can conceive successfully.

What are the complications of untreated PCOD?

Type 2 diabetes
High blood pressure
Heart disease
Infertility
Depression and anxiety

How can PCOD be treated?

Treatment depends on the severity of symptoms and may include:

Birth control pills to regulate periods
Medications like Metformin to control insulin resistance
Anti-androgen drugs for excessive hair growth and acne
Lifestyle changes such as a healthy diet and regular exercise

Can PCOD be prevented?

There is no definite way to prevent PCOD, but maintaining a healthy lifestyle, exercising regularly, and managing stress can reduce the risk of developing severe symptoms.

When should I see a doctor?

Consult a doctor if you experience:

Irregular or missed periods for several months
Difficulty getting pregnant
Severe acne or excessive hair growth
Sudden weight gain