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Rosacea is a chronic inflammatory skin disease that primarily affects the face, causing persistent redness, visible blood vessels, and occasional acne-like bumps. It commonly appears on the cheeks, nose, chin, and forehead, with flare-ups triggered by environmental, dietary, or lifestyle factors. While more prevalent in fair-skinned individuals, rosacea can affect people of all skin tones.

Causes of Rosacea

The exact cause of rosacea remains unclear, but it is believed to result from a combination of genetic, immune system, and environmental factors. Triggers include excessive sun exposure, temperature extremes, spicy foods, alcohol, stress, and certain skincare products. An overactive immune response, abnormal blood vessel function, and the presence of Demodex mites on the skin are also linked to its development.

Types of Rosacea

Erythematotelangie-ctatic Rosacea (ETR)

Characterized by persistent facial redness, visible blood vessels, and sensitive skin prone to flushing and irritation. Over time, the redness may become permanent, and the skin may develop a rough or dry texture.

Papulopustular Rosacea

Resembles acne with red bumps, pustules, and swelling, often leading to misdiagnosis. Unlike acne, it lacks blackheads and can cause prolonged inflammation, worsening with triggers like stress or spicy foods.

Phymatous Rosacea

Causes thickened skin, especially on the nose (rhinophyma), leading to a bulbous and rough appearance. It may also affect the forehead, chin, or ears, making the skin feel bumpy and uneven due to excess tissue growth.

Ocular Rosacea

Affects the eyes, causing dryness, irritation, redness, swollen eyelids, and a burning sensation. If left untreated, it can lead to blurred vision, light sensitivity, and more severe eye complications over time.

Treatment for Rosacea

Managing acne requires a combination of medical treatments, skincare routines, & lifestyle adjustments tailored to the severity and type of acne.

Topical Treatments
Topical Medications

Metronidazole, azelaic acid, and ivermectin help reduce inflammation, redness, and breakouts.

Oral Medications

Antibiotics like doxycycline or low-dose isotretinoin are prescribed for severe or persistent cases.

Laser & Light Therapy

Intense pulsed light (IPL) and vascular lasers effectively target visible blood vessels and reduce redness.

Topical Antibiotics

In advanced cases, dermatologists may recommend electrosurgery or laser resurfacing for skin thickening.

Lifestyle Changes for Rosacea

A proper skincare routine and lifestyle adjustments play a crucial role in managing melasma and preventing further pigmentation.

Avoid known triggers such as spicy foods, alcohol, and hot beverages.

Protect skin from sun exposure by using broad-spectrum sunscreen (SPF 50+) daily.

Maintain a healthy diet rich in antioxidants to support skin health.

Manage stress through relaxation techniques like meditation & regular exercise.

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